粉用刨花楠工业原料林栽培技术研究

A Study on Planting Technique of Industrial Raw Material Forest of Machilus pauhoi Used in Fragrant Powder

按照不同基肥种类、混交树种、混交方式与造林株行距设计9种刨花楠粉用工业原料林造林方案。通过对各方案中的刨花楠平均直径、平均高及平均木生物量的对比分析,提出了刨花楠粉用工业原料林的造林技术与方法。研究结果表明:造林8年后,刨花楠平均胸径、平均高、平均单株材积与平均单木生物量分别为8.02cm、5.96 m、0.01743 m3和23.656 kg。各造林方案中刨花楠生长量存在一定的差异,以方案9(纯林、造林株行距2.5 m×2.5 m,基肥为干粪肥+氯化钾+脲素+钙镁磷)为最好,其平均胸径、平均高与平均单木生物量分别为9.76 cm、6.57 m和37.3565 kg。土壤肥力及其养分结构对其生长有显著影响,应选择土壤肥沃、空气湿润、立地条件较好的阴坡或半阴坡的林地造林。以营造刨花楠纯林或刨花楠与湿地松或杉木等针阔混交林为好,可采用小块状混交或垂直等高线纵向行状混交方式进行造林。造林后,应加强对造林苗木的抚育管理。

The planting trials of Machilus pauhoi using in fragrant power with nine treatments were put in practice according to different fertilizers, mixed species, mixing method, and planting density and row spacing. The planting technique and method of the industrial raw material forest of M. pauhoi were put forward by analyzing the growth of M. pauhoi with mean diameter in breast height （DBH）, mean height, mean tree biomass in the planting trials. The results showed that： after eight years of plantation, the mean DBH, mean height and mean tree volume of M. pauhoi in the stand were 8.02 cm, 5.96 m and 0. 017 43 m^3 respectively with mean tree biomass of 23. 656 kg per individual. These growth data were observed differences among the nine treatments. Which was a pure forest, planting density of 1 600 individuals per hectare with row spacing of 2.5 m ×2.5 m and fertilizers with dry manure ＋ KCl ＋ Urea ＋ fused ealcium - magnesium phosphate. The soil nutrient contents and its proportion had significant influence on the growth of M. pauhoi. This tree should be planted on the well site with fertile soil, moist air and direction of northern or hemi - northern slop. There were large growth in the pure forest of M. pauhoi and its mixed forest with Pinus elliottii, Cunninghamia lanceolata or other conifer species in the afforestation with planting density of 1 600 individuals per hectare. The mixed forest should be planted with the small block - shaped mixed structure or strip - shaped mixed structure of the vertical contour line. Its planting season should be in the term between slight cold and spring beginning in winter and the planting weather was the cloudy or sunshine day after raining. The fine seedlings of M. pauhoi with growing 12 to 18 months were using in plantation with only keeping 2 or 3 pieces laminas and roots with stained the mud. After the plantation, the seedling tending and management was very important with two times every year in front three years and one time every year in back two years after planting. And the tending measures included weeding, loosing soil, cutting other bushes and removing unnecessary sprouts. Moreover, in order to enhance its growth, the reasonable fertilizers were suggested to put into the plantation.