极涡研究进展

Advances of Research on Polar Vortex

极涡是北极地区的一个深厚系统,它以极地为活动中心,最能体现高纬大气活动特征,属大气环流最主要的系统之一,通常与副热带高压、阻塞高压、季风等环流系统相互配合,在全球天气气候变化中起着至关重要的作用。本文就极涡的气候特征、对天气气候的影响、变化机理及数值模拟等几方面的研究进展进行综述。在行星波破碎、平流层爆发性增温、平流层对流层的动力耦合等过程中,极涡也扮演着重要角色;极涡对HNO3、臭氧等大气化学成分渗吸和输送过程的影响显著,而这些化学成分的再分布对极涡有较强的反馈作用;极涡还受到海温、冰雪、植被甚至太阳活动等的影响。前人已经关于极涡做了不少研究,但在气候动力学方面,还存在一些问题,有待进一步加强研究。

Polar vortex is a deep system and moves around the polar region,which embodies the characteristics of the atmospheric activity in the high latitudes.It belongs to one of the most important systems in the atmospheric circulation and affects the synoptic and climatic changes.Usually,it cooperates mutually and reacts together with the circulation systems such as the subtropical high,blocking high,monsoon and so on.It affects the global synoptic and climatic changes in great degree.In this paper,research on climatic characteristics,influence,change mechanism and numerical simulation of polar votex are summarized.It play key role on breaking of planetary wave,stratospheric sudden warming and dynamic coupling between stratosphere and troposphere.It also observably impact the process of absorbing and transportation of the atmospheric chemical composition,for example the HNO3,O3,etc.However,the redistributions of these chemical compositions have great feedback on the polar vortex.Though many studies have been done on the vortex,in the aspect of climatic dynamics,there still are some problems which need further researches.