崇明东滩越冬鸟类在养殖塘的空间分布

Spatial Patterns for the Distribution of Winter Waterbirds in the Aquaculture Ponds of Chongming Dongtan,Shanghai

鸟类对空间的利用直接反映对栖息地的选择。通过对崇明东滩养殖塘越冬鸟类群落调查,运用空间自相关检验、空间插值分析和景观格局分析,研究越冬鸟类在养殖塘人工湿地的空间分布格局。结果显示:雁鸭类和鸻鹬类在养殖塘分布特征显著不同。雁鸭类呈现显著的空间自相关,为聚集分布,且丰富度和多度分布较为一致;而鸻鹬类在养殖塘以随机分布为主,丰富度显示一定的聚集分布。养殖塘已经成为崇明东滩越冬鸟类重要的栖息地,不同生态类群栖息地选择存在差异:芦苇植被发育好,水域面积较小且水深较深,不同斑块以聚集为特征的养殖塘是雁鸭类的适宜生境;鸻鹬类则偏好一定芦苇植被、水域面积大且水深较浅的养殖塘。因此在保护区土地利用和管理时应考虑不同生态类群对栖息地选择的差异。

The spatial utility pattern of birds reflects their selection of habitats. Based on field surveys, spatial statistics and landscape pattern analyses, we investigated the distribution pattern of winter waterbirds in the aquaculture ponds of Chongming Dongtan, Shanghai. The results showed that ducks had a different pattern from that of waders. The distribution pattern of ducks revealed a significantly positive autocorrelation and clustered distribution, while that of waders showed a non-autocorrelation and random distribution. As a supplementary habitat, the aquaculture ponds play an important role for winter waterbirds. There are, however, differences in selecting habitats among groups of winter waterbirds. Ducks prefer ponds with well-developed reed vegetation, a relatively smaller water area and deeper water, while waders favor larger water areas and shallower water. The requirement of habitats for different groups of winter waterbirds should be taken into account when planning land use and managing a natural reserve.