癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的影响因素及护理对策

Influencing Factors of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients of Initial Stages Receiving Radio-and Chemotherapy and Its Countermeasures

目的研究影响癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的因素,探讨提高其生活质量的护理对策。方法采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的生活质量核心量表(EORTC quality of life core questionnaire,EORTC QLQ-C30)、社会支持量表、医学应对问卷及自制问卷对78例癌症初期放、化疗患者进行调查。结果癌症的种类、性别、年龄、文化程度、居住地等因素对癌症初期放、化疗患者的生活质量均有影响(P<0.05或P<0.01);屈服应对策略会降低患者的社会功能及整体健康状况(P<0.05,P<0.01),回避的应对策略会降低患者的躯体功能,但增强其整体健康状况(P<0.05,P<0.01);能有效利用社会支持的患者角色功能及躯体功能较好(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论应针对癌症初期放、化疗患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、居住地、疾病种类等进行健康教育及护理干预,如避免使用屈服的应对方式、适当使用回避的应对策略、正确看待他人提供的客观支持、努力寻求和利用社会支持等。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of quality oi hie in cancer patients of initial stages receiving radio- and chemotherapy, so as to discuss the nursing countermeasures to improve their quality of life. Methods EORTCQLQ-C30, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Model Questionnaire（MCMQ） and a self-designed questionnaire were employed to survey 78 patients who receiving radio- and chemotherapy. Results The results showed that the type of the cancer, gender, age, educational level, and living places all had influence on the patients quality of life（ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） ;yielding coping strategy reduced the patients social function and total health status（ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） ;avoiding coping strategy reduced the patients physical functions but enhanced total health status（ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Patients who effectively take the advantage of social support had a better role function and physical function（ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion Health education and nursing intervention should be given to the cancer patients who receive radio- and chemotherapy according to their age, gender, educational level, living place, and the cancer type. Yielding coping strategy should be avoided and avoiding coping strategy can be used. The patients should have a correct view on the objective support they received and to learn to use social support.