中国北方沙区城市风沙灾害危险度评价--基于遥感、地理信息系统和模型的研究

Risk assessment of aeolian sand disaster in cities in sandy area of northern China based on RS,GIS and models

开展风沙灾害危险度评价研究,对促进中国北方沙区城市的安全与可持续发展具有重要意义。基于灾害系统理论,构建了城市风沙灾害系统动力学模型,对中国北方沙区城市风沙灾害危险度进行了评价。结果表明:中国北方沙区风沙灾害高危城市主要分布在新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠周边和古尔班通特沙漠南缘、甘肃省以及宁—陕—蒙3省区接壤区。重度危险以上的城市共计35个,占参评城市的51%,其中,极度危险的城市有12个,由西向东依次为乌鲁木齐、和田、中卫、乌海、包头、榆林、通辽等。近邻沙源是城市风沙灾害的主要诱因,应该加以重点治理;经济发达城市应该重点保护。减轻土壤风蚀的城市周边沙化土地利用格局优化的方法与技术应是防治城市风沙灾害的研究重点。

It is significant to assess the risk of aeolian sand disaster （ASD） in city for urban security and sustainable development in sandy area of northern China. In present study, the dynamic model of ASD in city was established, and risk of cities in study area was assessed based on disaster system theory. The results show that： high risk cities are mainly distributed in Taklimakan desert surroundings, south margin of Gurbantunggut desert, Gansu Province, and the contiguous areas of Ningxia-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia. Severe risk cities are 35, accounting for 51% of the total city number, in which the cities with extreme risk are 12,and for them from west to east are Urumqi, Hotan, Zhongwei, Wuhai, Baotou, Yulin, Tongliao, etc. Sandy lands immediately surrounding cities are the main sources of ASD and to which more attention shoubd be given; economically developed cities are key areas to be protected. Methods and technology to optimize surrounding land use of cities will be the key research subject for reducing soil erosion and combating ASD.