论《神曲》对中世纪哲学论争的回应

Views on the Response of La Divina Commedia to the Philosophical Controversy in Middle Ages

欧洲中世纪哲学诸位贤哲,针对理性和信仰问题,围绕是"信仰权威"还是"理性权威"、是"先信仰而后理解"还是"先理解而后信仰"和"双重真理论"等问题展开过旷日持久的论争,《神曲》以文学的形式回应了这场论争。它抛开了论争双方的神学指向性和宗教目的性,把理性和信仰先行引入到对人生幸福归宿的关注、对人类前途命运的探求,肯定了它们在人类世俗生活中的作用,它们在摆脱苦难、认识真理、走向至善至美过程中的起始作用或前提地位;修正了把理性和信仰对立起来的做法,建立了其间的联系,阐解了它们各自的价值、存在的领域、理由及必要性,认为理性和信仰相辅相成,同等重要,缺一不可;强调了理性所包含的人的自由意志和主观能动性、信仰所包含的"上帝"对人类的召唤与慈爱和它引人向善的道德伦理作用,体现了有别于诸位贤哲的人文关怀,使我们看到但丁对这两个概念的内涵有着独特性、贡献性和进步性的思考。

In Middle Ages the philosophers in Europe had made the long-lasting controversy on the problem of the rational and the conviction, centering on such problems as ＂conviction authority＂ or ＂the rational authority＂, ＂conviction before comprehension＂ or ＂comprehension before conviction＂ and ＂the double real theories＂. La Divina Commedia responds to the controversy in the form of literature. It forsakes the directionality of the theology and the purpose of the religion of the both sides. First, it leads the rational and the conviction to the concern for the happy home of life, the probing of the future of human, affirming their functions in the worldly life, and their functions in the process of casting off the sufferings, knowing about the truth, and to the kindest. Second, it revises their relative value, the field of the existence, the reason and the necessities, believing that the rational and the conviction supplement each other and are of the same importance. Third, it stresses the free will and the subjective initiative which are involved in the rational and the summon from the God and the affections which are involved in the conviction whose moral and ethical functions are to guide people to be kind, reflecting the humanistic concern different from the philosophers. All of these make us see clearly Aligieri Dante has thought deeply about the connotations of the two concepts, which is unique, contributive and progressive.