珠江三角洲经济区海岸变迁的生态地质环境效应

Eco-geological Environmental Effect of Coastline Evolution in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone

20世纪60年代以来,珠江三角洲经济区特别是珠江口地区海岸变迁衍生的生态地质环境问题,日益成为社会经济可持续发展的制约因素。基于RS与GIS技术获得的海岸变迁成果,海岸变迁速率估算结果表明最近30年内海岸变迁呈加速趋势。以珠江口地区为重点总结海岸变迁的生态地质环境效应,认为海岸变迁导致陆地扩展与水域萎缩、淤积空间格局改变、湿地生态破坏和生态环境恶化、三角洲腹地洪涝灾害风险增大、水质性缺水形势加剧以及不利于城市化与经济发展等负面影响。

Since 1960s,in Pearl River Delta economic zone, especially the Pearl River Estuary area, the eco-geological environmental issues of coastline evolution and derivation have restricted the sustainable development of social economy increasingly. In the paper, the coastline evolution achievements are described briefly based on RS and GIS, the estimate of coastline evolution rate reflects its accelerated tendency in recent 30 years. The Pearl River Estuary area is studied as focal point in order to sum up eco-geological environmental effect of coastline evolution, the author believes that the coastline evolution has caused several negative influences including land expansion and waters shrinkage, silting situation alteration,wetland eco-destruction and eco-environmental deterioration, increase of flood-waterlogging risk in delta hinterland, intensification of water quality-induced water shortage, and obstructing urbanization and economic development.