东北龙胆草种子萌发和幼苗生长特征的研究

Study on the Characters of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Gentiana scabra Bunge

[目的]为龙胆草育苗技术、播种期和田间管理的确定提供科学依据。[方法]以东北龙胆草的种子为试材,通过种子活力测定和对比发芽试验研究龙胆草种子萌发和幼苗生长的特征。[结果]龙胆草种子的净度为56.50%,优良度为55.80%,千粒重为24.35 mg。在恒温25℃和光照条件下种子平均萌发率为53.8%±1.5%,略低于四唑染色的测定结果(54.7%),但差异不显著。在30、25、20和15℃下,龙胆草的主根生长量和生物量分别为(7.504±0.365)、(13.488±0.674)、(12.236±0.512)、(6.752±0.326)mm和(0.085±0.004)、(0.289±0.014)、(0.264±0.013)、(0.185±0.009)mg。100%、50%、25%光照强度和暗处理下龙胆草的主根生长量和生物量分别为(5.974±0.756)、(9.425±0.405)、(12.547±0.198)、(13.524±0.602)mm和(0.185±0.007)、(0.308±0.024)、(0.318±0.014)、(0.127±0.011)mg。[结论]在东北龙胆草育苗时,应选25℃的温度条件,同时进行适度遮阴。

[Objective] The study aimed to supply scientific basis for ascertaining the seedling-raising technique, sowing date and field management of gentian. [Method] With the seeds of Gentiana scabra Bunge as tested materials, the characters of seed germination and seedling growth of G. scabra were studied through the determination of seed viability and comparative germination experiment. [Result] The cleanliness, fine degree and 1000-seed weight of G. scabra seeds were 56.50%, 55.80% and 24.35 mg. Under the condition with constant temperature of 25 ℃ and light, the average germination rate of the seeds was 53.8%±1.5%, being little lower than the determined result by tetrazolium staining （54.7%）, but their difference was not significant. Under 30, 25, 20 and 15℃, the growth increments of main root and biomasses of G. scabra were （7.504±0.365）, （13.488±0.674）, （12.236±0.512）, （6.752±0.326） mm and （0.085±0.004）, （0.289±0.014）, （0.264±0.013）, （0.185±0.009） mg resp. Under 100%, 50%, 25% light intensities and dark treatment, the growth increments of main root and biomasses of G. scabra were （5.974± 0.756）, （9.425±0.405）, （12.547±0.198）, （13.524±0.602） mm and （0.185±0.007）, （0.308±0.024）, （0.318±0.014）, （0.127±0.011） mg resp. [Conclusion] The temperature of 25 ℃ with moderate shading should be selected to raise the seedlings of G. scabra.