《庄子》物化考辨

The Textual Research and Analysis of "Wuhua" in the Book of Master Zhuang

《庄子》书中的物化在多个篇目中出现,由于语境各异,物化的含义也不尽相同,概括而言,主要有三种类型:一是物化指与物推移,委运乘化,物是动词,指错杂、参与;二是物化指人与其加工对象融为一体,进入物我不分的境界;三是物化指人被外物所化,丧己于物。前两类是道家的理想境界,第三种类型是道家所否定的。和物化相关的理念主要有三种:一种是乘物以游心,顺应自然;二是外化内不化;三是人不伤物,物不伤人。道家的物化理念,体现的是对生命本身的尊重,追求的是应物而不为外物所动,是不假外求,自足性的欢乐。

In a number of articles of the Book of Master Zhuang appears the term ＂Wuhua＂, which means differently due to different contexts. To sum up, there are mainly throe types of connotations： first, transforming in accordance with natural rules and the changing things in which the character ＂Wu＂ is a verb, meaning getting mixed or involved; second, integration betwoen human and nature; third, being converted by the mortal world. The former two are the ideal of Taoism while the last type is negated by Taoist. The notions related to ＂Wuhua＂ can also be summarized into three kinds： accommodating oneself to the nature; behavior varying with the outside while nothing inside changes; peaceful coexistence of human and nature. The Taoist notion of ＂Wuhua＂ reflects the respect of life, which advocates response to but no dependence on the outside and to achieve a kind of self-sufflcient and indweUing enjoyment.