司法审查之思想源流与制度预设——论美国制宪会议有关司法审查的辩论

Source of Idea and Institution Regulating about Judicial Review——On the Debates over Judicial Review of American Convention

司法审查制度在美国的确立有其思想渊源与制度预设,其制宪会议有关司法审查的辩论即是明证。辩论之主题在于司法能否完全政治化、权力制衡是有限还是无限、制衡之权只能独立行使还是允许混合联盟。经过辩论,司法通过解释宪法行使违宪审查成为制宪者的政治共识和美国宪政政制中的制度预设。

The debates over judicial review of American Convention is at bottom a dispute Over that （ Ⅰ ） we should change judiciary branch into a political department, （Ⅱ ） the power of check is limited or unlimited, and （ Ⅲ ） the power of check must be controlled by one branch alone or by a mixed alliance consisting of two branches between Gerry-Group and Madison-Group. Convention adopted the opposition＇s position at last, and so the non-political characteristic of judiciary branch is kept, and its power of review of constitutionality to a certain extent embodies constitutionalism resulting from the original intent of framers.