清代归化、绥远城的书院及其历史地位

ACADEMIES IN GUIHUA AND SUIYUAN CITY IN THE QING DYNASTY AND THEIR HISTORICAL POSITION

清代,归化城和绥远城共建有三所书院,即启秀书院(长白书院)、古丰书院、启运书院,形成了满、汉、蒙三学并立、分庭课徒的格局。三书院在课程设置等方面都显示了不同于内地书院的诸多特点。这些书院不仅在人才培养和繁荣当地的民族文化方面发挥了积极作用,在中国书院史上也应有其独特地位。

There were altogether three academies built in Guihua and Suiyuan City in the Qing Dynasty, namely, Qi Xiu Academy （Chang Bai Academy）, Gu Feng Academy, and Qi Yun Academy. They formed the pattern of Manchu, Han and Mongolian academies existing together, and that of teaching students in separated places. The three academies were different in their curriculum design and other aspects from the others in the inland China. They not only played a positive role in talent training and in flourishing local ethnic culture, but also hold a uniquely important position in Chinese academy history.