从行政主导到合作管理：我国环境治理体系的转型

From Administrative Domination to Cooperative Management:Transformation of Environmental Management System in China

我国环境治理体系的转型是在双重背景下进行的,一方面,国际环境管理变革呈现出从行政主导向合作管理转变的趋势;另一方面,国内环境问题出现了新的变化,行政主导的环境治理体系的弊端开始逐步暴露。行政主导的环境治理体系不能有效地应对区域、流域污染问题、不能有效地应对生态系统管理问题、不能有效地解决涉及多个行动主体的环境问题。合作管理的环境治理体系力图解决复杂的环境问题,整合行政、市场和社会参与三种机制的力量。从社会资源动员角度看,合作管理强调利益相关者之间的博弈与合作,强调环境问题不仅仅是工程技术问题,而且更是社会问题。我国环境治理体系的转型已成为公共治理变革的最前沿领域和主要内容。

The transformation of Chinese environmental management system takes place against the dual backgrounds. On the one hand, there is a tendency of change from administrative domination to cooperative management in terms of the international environmental management. On the other hand, there have been some changes with the domestic environmental issues and some problems with the administration-dominated environmental management system have been gradually exposed. The administration-dominated environmental management system cannot effectively deal with regional drainage area pollution, eco-system management problems and environmental problems related to multiplayers. The environmental management system in the form of cooperative management attempts to solve complex environmental problems and integrate the mechanisms of admin istration, market and social engagement. From the perspective of social resources mobilization, the cooperative management emphasizes the game and cooperation between/among the stakeholders. And environmental problems are not only technical ones but also social issues. The transformation of the Chinese environmental management system has become the leading-edge area in the reform of public governance.