经皮自动加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的生物力学研究

Study of biomechnical properties for treatment of femoral neck fracture by percutaneous auto-compressed screws

目的探讨自动加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。方法采用36具新鲜成人离体股骨作为标本,随机分为4组。分别用以下4种方法进行内固定:A组用3枚3.5mm斯氏针做类衍架固定;B组用三翼钉固定;C组用单根双头加压螺纹钉(直径20mm)固定;D组用3枚经皮自动加压螺纹钉做类衍架固定。通过生物力学测试,对四种内固定器械的生物力学性能进行比较。结果经皮自动加压螺纹钉最大抗压强度和同扭距扭转20°,强度明显大于其他3种内固定。结论经皮自动加压螺纹钉不但具有良好的生物力学特性,在固定中更加符合股骨近端本身的力学特点,亦可同时有效地重建股骨近端抗压力系统和抗张力系统。

Objective To study the biomechnical properties of a new compression screw which was designed by ourselves and used to treat the femoral neck fracture. Methods 36 fresh adult cadaver were used to investigate the biomechanieal properties of four types internal fixations, including Smith- Petersen screw, Knowels pins, double-head compression screw and percutaneous autocompressed screws. Results Compered to the other three internal fixation, percutaneous auto-compressed screws showed better biomechanical properties. Conclusion Percutaneous auto-compressed screws could provide an effective fixation to the femoral neck fracture.