4个双低甘蓝型油菜品种干物质积累及养分吸收动态

Dynamics of Dry Mass Accumulation and Nutrients Uptake in 4 Double-low Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Varieties

采用田间试验研究了4种双低油菜整个生育期内干物质积累及氮磷钾养分吸收动态。结果表明:播种后140d(苗期)、140~170d(蕾薹期)、170~199d(花期)和199~212d(角果期)4个油菜品种的干物质积累比例分别为12.7%~20.9%、15.3%~20.0%、60.3%~71.7%和-27.4%^-9.1%;氮素积累比例分别为33.3%~47.8%、11.9%~14.7%、15.5%~28.1%和17.7%~28.8%;磷素积累比例分别为23.4%~37.9%、22.5%~29.4%、32.7%~54.1%和-17.2%^-3.0%;钾素积累比例分别为24.7%~33.9%、16.2%~35.9%、31.0%~53.3%和-43.0%^-23.5%。表明油菜干物质累积与养分吸收量的变化趋势基本相同,氮素积累量最大时期为苗期,干物质、磷、钾积累量最大时期为花期,干物质及氮磷钾养分积累速率最大时期均为花期。每生产100kg籽粒养分的需求量平均为N4.3kg、P2O52.7kg和K2O8.7kg。在同等施肥量水平下,4个油菜品种中,华油杂9号籽粒产量最高,达3574kg/hm2;N、P、K养分偏生产力顺序为:中双9号>华油杂9号>华双5号>华双4号。

A field experiment was conducted to study the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of 4 double-low rapeseed varieties. The results showed that the proportion of dry matter accumula tion during the period of seedling （140 d after sowing）, budding （140- 170 d after sowing）, blooming （170-199 d after sowing） and podding （199-212 d after sowing） were 12. 7%-20. 9%, 15. 3%- 20. 0%,60. 3%-71.7% and -27. 4%-9. 1%, respectively. The uptake proportion of nitrogen （N） were 33.3%-47. 8%,11.9%-14. 7%,15. 5-28. 1% and 17. 7%-28. 8%,of phosphorus （P2O5） were 23.4%37. 9%,22. 5%-29. 4%,32. 7%-54. 1% and-17.2%-3. 0%,of potassium （K2O） were 24.7%-33.9%,16. 2%35.9%,31.0%-53. 3% and -43. 0%-23. 5%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake trends were similar among the 4 varieties. Seedling stage was the maximum stage of nitrogen absorption,and the largest quantity of dry matter accumulation, phosphorus and potassium absorption occurred during blooming. The maximum accumulation rate of dry matter and N,P, K nutrients were all in blooming period. The amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O required by double-low rapeseed for producing every 100 kg seeds were 4. 3,2.7 and 8.7 kg. Under the same fertilizer level, the seed yield of HYZ No. 9 with 3 574 kg/hm^2 was the highest among the 4 varieties rapeseed. The order of nutrient efficiency was ZS No. 9〉 HYZ No. 9〉 HS No. 5〉 HS No. 4.