均衡、非均衡及“错误”的现实意义:市场过程的视角

Equilibrium,Disequilibrium and the Practical Significance of "Error":From the Perspectives of Market Process

从市场过程角度来看,均衡是市场过程中行动主体相互发现的倾向。在真实时间和全然无知的现实世界里,企业家发现必然是非均衡过程。在这一过程中,价格的非均衡信息作用极其重要,因为只有非均衡价格提供的利润机会才能激发企业家发现新知识。一旦抛弃新古典经济学的完全知识假设,企业家的发现过程必然具有"错误"、"失败"、"无效率"等特征。如果不借助经济主体"错误"和不断纠正"错误",企业家就不能在争胜竞争过程中发现利润机会,无法解决无效率问题。

From the market-process perspective, equilibrium means the tendency of mutual discovery among actors in the market process. In the real world with genuine time and sheer ignorance, the entrepreneurial discovery will inevitably be a disequilibrating process. In this very process, the disequilibrium informational role of price is significant, because only the profit opportunities arising from disequilibrium price can stimulate entrepreneurs to discover new knowledge. Once we abandon the perfect knowledge assumption of neo-classical economics, it will be safely concluded that the entrepreneurial discovery must be a process with characteristics of ＂errors＂, ＂failure＂ and ＂inefficiency＂. Without actors ＇ constantly error-making and error-correcting, it is impossible for the entrepreneurs to discover profit opportunities and solve the inefficiency problem in the competitive process.