法国核政策与核战略的特点与影响

Characteristics of France’s Nuclear Policy and Strategy and Their Influences

从冷战到后冷战到“9·11”之后的三个时期，法国的核政策与核战略经历了三个阶段的演变。当前主要特点是：强调“有效反击”核威慑战略；使核打击力量向精干和精确方向转型；积极参加国际防核扩散进程，但仍保持一定的独立性；大力发展民用核能。法国核政策的演变有助于推动国际防核扩散和核裁军进程。但其扩展核威慑的范围和核武器的更新换代也给国际核不扩散带来负面影响。

France's nuclear policy and strategy have undergone three stages of development, in three different periods of the Cold War, Post-Cold War and 9/11 events. At present, their main characteristics are as follows: laying stress on a nuclear deterrence strategy of 'effective counterattack;'transforming the nature of its nuclear strike forces to the direction of sophistication and accuracy; taking an active part in prevention process of nuclear proliferation in the world while retaining its independence to certain extent and making great efforts to tap civic purpose nuclear energy resources. Changes in France's nuclear policy will facilitate on-going process of nuclear disarmament in the world. However, to expand its scope of nuclear deterrence and to replace old nuclear weapons with new ones, will also have negative results on international non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.