芽球菊苣软化栽培中不同影响因子的研究

Study of Factors Influencing the Bud Balls of Chicory During Blanching Culture

菊苣根株的大小、栽培方式、温度、湿度等是对芽球产量、品质影响较大的因子。晶玉品种田间生长势强，根株粗大，软化栽培后的芽球较大，产量高．红玉品种田间生长势弱，根株细小，软化栽培后的芽球较小，产量低，根株越大，单个芽球的产量越高，反之越低，单位面积芽球的产量随着根株级别的升高而下降，反之越高，即单位面积二级根芽球的产量＞—级根芽球的产量＞特级根芽球的产量，生产上建议以培育直径为3～5cm的一级根、二级根作为菊苣软化栽培的最佳根株．软化栽培温度以15～18℃、相对湿度（95±5）％为宜。水培水层高度为软化前5天深度1cm，之后深度8cm为宜。温室土培的芽球产量较高，且芽球较大较紧实，但易附着泥土．水培的菊苣，芽球个体相对较小，芽球比较疏松，芽体洁净，水培设施简单，操作客易，芽球干净，易清洗，易被人们采用。在日光温室＋阳畦的软化栽培中，以白天掀苫、夜晚放苫的管理方式最佳。通过对以上芽球菊苣栽培管理中不同影响因子与芽球产量的关系研究，建立了河北省中南部地区菊苣生产的最佳模式。

Taproot weight, temperature, humidity and blanching culture method of chicory have significant effects on the yield and quality of its bud balls. Jingyu variety grows vigorously with large taproot in the field and gives high yield of relatively big bud balls in blanching culture. Hongyu variety, in contrast, grows slowly with slender taproot in the field and gives lower yield of relatively small bud balls in blanching culture. Single bud ball weight increases with taproot weight, and vice versa. Bud ball yield per unit area decreases with increasing taproot class. That is to say, bud ball yield of second class taproots is the highest, followed in order by first class taproots and super class taproots. It is therefore recommended that first and second class taproots be used commercial cultivation. The desirable blanching temperature and relative humidity are 15～18 ℃ and（95±5）%, respectively, with a water depth of 1 cm in the first 5 days and 8 cm thereafter. Grown in soil in greenhouse, chicory usually gives higher yield and bigger bud balls. In water culture, bud balls are smaller in size and looser in texture. However, water culture requires simple facilities, is easy to operate and the bud balls are clean. Hence, water culture is very popular among the growers. In the pattern of greenhouse and cold frame, the slipcover is open during the day and closed at night. This paper has researched the influencing factors for bud ball yield, expecting to establish an optimal pattern for chicory production in central and southern Hebei province.