从热力学第一、第二定律看能与熵的关系

Relation of Energy and Entropy in First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics

能和熵是自然界中两个最重要的概念.能和熵都是与系统状态所对应的态函数.能量描述了系统从一种运动形式向另一种运动形式转化的本领.热力学第一定律表明,能量在转化过程中是守恒的.熵的概念用一个微小过程中的增量来表示是这一过程所对应的热量与温度的比值.热力学第二定律说明,在实际过程中熵的增量总是大于零的.能量的转化是有方向的,实际过程中随着能量转换的进行,系统和环境的总熵不断地增加.因此我们说,从能量转换的方向和程度上来讲,熵的概念的重要性更加突出.

Energy and entropy are the most important concepts in the natural world. They are both state functions. The energy describes the matter＇s transforming ability from one state to another. The first law of ermodynamics clarifies that the energy is conservation. With a tiny increment in the course, the concept of entropy is the corresponding ratio of heat and temperature in the process. The second law of thermodynamics shows that the entropy＇s increment is always positive. The conversion of energy is directional. Along with the actual process of energy conversion, the total entropy of system and environment is on the rise. So, the entropy is more important than the energy if we consider the direction of the energy conversion.