国人肱骨远端解剖学测量与肘关节非限制性假体设计及应用的相关性研究

Relativity Between Anatomical Measurement of Distal End of Chinese Humerus and Non-Constrained Elbow Prosthesis in Design and Application

目的为国人肘关节非限制性假体的设计和应用提供解剖学依据。方法在重新确定肱骨远端解剖学标志点的基础上,对42支国人肱骨标本远端的有关数据进行采集,并进行统计学处理。包括小头-滑车旋转轴内旋角(α)及外翻角(β),小头-滑车结构下缘外翻角(δ),肱骨滑车、小头的最大半径(R、r),小头-滑车结构长度(CD、CD’),以及反映小头-滑车结构在肱骨远端确切部位的相关数据(E-AB、CF1和CF2)。结果α角和β角相对恒定,δ角个体差异较大;R、r、CD、CD’呈不同程度变异;E-AB、CF1和CF2的值和变异程度均较小。结论α角和β角决定了小头-滑车结构的方向,R、r和CD、CD’反映了小头-滑车结构的体积。这几项指标在肘关节非限制性假体设计和应用时须重点关注。肱骨远端标志点E和F与小头-滑车结构的距离(E-AB、CF1和CF2)相对恒定,可作为参照点帮助假体在肱骨远端的准确置入。

Objective To provide anatomical basis for design and application of non - constrained elbow prosthesis in Chinese. Methods On the basis of new anatomical marks, the relational data of distal end of humerus were collected and calculated with statistical method in 42 Chinese humeri. These data included internal rotation angle （α） and extraversional angle （β） of capitellum - trochlea rotational axis, extraversiona[ angle of distant end of capitellum- trochiea structure （δ）, the biggest radius of trochiea and capitellum （R, r）, the length of capitelium - trochlea structure （CD, CD^＋ ） and the data about exact position of capitellum- trochlea structure （E- AB, eEl and CF2）. Results The data variation of α - angle was not very remarkable, as well as β - angle. But the variation of δ was rather notable. The variation was in varying begrees in the data of R, r, CD and CD^＋. In E- AB, CF1 and CF2, both of the data and its variation were rather small. Conclusion The direction of capitellum - trochlea structure is determined with α and β and the volume of capitellum- trochlea structure is determined with R, r, CD and CD^＋. These indexes must be emphasized in design and application of nonconstrained elbow prosthesis. Because the distance from the marks named E and F to the capitellum - trochlea structure （E- AB, CF1 and CF2） is relatively identical, it can be used in exact installing of prosthesis.