婴儿期母乳喂养与孤独症发生的关系

Association between infant breastfeeding and autism

目的:探讨婴儿期母乳喂养与孤独症发生之间的关系。方法:选取2004年1月～2005年12月期间在我院就诊的372例孤独症患儿作为孤独症组,同时随机抽取在我院儿童保健门诊参加系统保健的正常儿童1116例作为对照组,两组儿童的年龄、性别构成一致。参照国外同类调查问卷并结合我国具体情况设计自制调查问卷对研究对象的生长发育情况和婴儿期喂养情况等进行调查,分析婴儿期母乳喂养与孤独症发生之间的关系。结果:单因素分析发现孤独症组儿童4个月内纯母乳喂养率为20.97%,对照组儿童4个月内的纯母乳喂养率为51.08%,对照组明显高于孤独症组(χ2=102.874,P<0.01)。在母乳喂养持续时间方面,孤独症组儿童平均母乳喂养持续时间为(3.82±0.46)月,对照组为(6.61±0.49)月,两组儿童的平均母乳喂养持续时间不同(t=2.74,P<0.01);孤独症组儿童母乳喂养持续时间小于3个月和3～6个月的比例分别是26.34%和15.32%,对照组分别是9.23%和10.66%,孤独症组高于对照组(P<0.01,0.05);孤独症组儿童母乳喂养持续时间大于或等于9个月的比例为35.22%,而对照组为55.02%,孤独症组低于对照组(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现喂养类型是孤独症发生的危险因素(OR=1.429),母乳喂养持续时间是孤独症发生的保护因素(OR=0.528)。结论:婴儿期喂养方式与孤独症的发生有关;4个月内母乳喂养比例越高,母乳喂养持续时间越长,儿童孤独症的发生率越低。

Objective： To study the association between infant breasffeeding and Autism in childhood. Methods： From January 2004 to December 2005, 372 children with autism and 1116 control children were chosen and no significant differences in ages and genders were found between the two groups. The conditions of growth and development, feeding types during infants of all children were investigated with the self - made inventory questionnaire. The relationship of infant breasffeeding and autism were analyzed. Results： By single factor a nalysis, the 20. 97% children with autism were exclusively breast fed, and 51.08% control children were exclusively breast fed during the first 4 months. Significant differences were found between the two groups （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . The mean duration of breasffeeding for control group was 6. 61 ±0. 49 months, The mean duration of breastfeeding for group with autism was 3. 82±0. 46 months, and was significantly shorter than that of control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . The 26.34% children with autism were breast fed less than 3 months. The 15.32% children with au- tism were breast fed 3 ～6 months. The 35.22% children with autism were breast fed ≥9 months. For comparison 9.23% controls were breast fed less than 3 months. The 10. 66% controls were breast fed 3 ～ 6 months. The 55.02% controls were breast fed ≥9 months. Significant differences in breasffeeding duration were found between the two children groups （ P 〈0. 01, 0. 05, 0. 01 ） . By multivariate logistic regression analysis, infant feeding type was a risk factor for autism （ OR = 1. 429） . The duration of breasffeeding was a protective factor （ OR = 0. 528） . Conclusion： Infant feeding types are related to the occurrence of autism. Infants who are fed breast milk more during the first 4 months, and who are breasted for longer periods have a lower risk of being autism