DNA错配修复系统组成和功能的研究进展

Advances of researches on the composition and function of DNA mismatch repair system

DNA错配修复(Mismateh repair,MMR)系统广泛的存在于从原核到真核的生物体中,是进化上保守的生化通路。MMR系统由一系列特异性修复DNA碱基错配的酶分子(错配修复基因产物)组成。细胞由于此系统的存在使DNA复制保持忠实性,从而保持遗传物质的完整性和稳定性,避免遗传物质发生突变。MMR系统基因的失活会导致自发突变率的明显增加,从而导致微卫星不稳定(MSI),可能引发某些肿瘤发生。近年来,MMR系统的研究越来越受到学者的重视,对MMR作用机制及组成该系统的几种酶蛋白结构与功能方面的研究不断深入,加深了对MMR系统的理解。这些为MMR系统相关的应用研究,尤其是为肿瘤发生奠定了理论的基础。本文重点讨论了错配修复系统的蛋白组成、各蛋白的功能及它们如何相互协调发挥作用的最新研究进展。

The DNA mismatch repair （MMR） system, which widely resides in organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, is a conserved biochemical pathway in the evolution. MMR system is composed of a series of specific DNA mismatch repairing enzyme （the product of mismatch repair gene）. Cells can keep the fidelity of DNA replication, guarantee genomic integrality and stability, and avoid the mutation of genome due to the existence of this system. The inactivation of MMR system gene may result in the rate of spontaneous mutation increase, which may induce microsatellite instability （MSI）, and develop some of turnout. Recently, the study of mismatch repair mechanism, the structure and function of the enzyme proteins that composed the MMR system has being paid more and more attention. These researches establish the theoretical foundation for MMR system＇s relative application study, especially for tumorigenesis. This text discussed focus on the development of researches that study the composition of MMR system, functions of the compositive proteins and how they coordinate to generate effect.