中国政府监管机构构建中的缺失与前瞻性思考——兼议政府监管领域“大部门体制”的改革方向

On the Imperfection and Forward-looking Thinking about the Constructing of Chinese Regulatory Agencies

中国目前虽然成立了一些冠以"监管"或"监督管理"之名的机构,但与现代意义上的监管机构还有相当大的差距。中国政府监管机构的设立应坚持"立法先行"的原则,避免"三定方案"带给监管机构的尴尬境地;中国政府监管机构不宜采用美国的独立管制委员会模式或以英国为代表的公法人模式,现阶段比较现实和稳妥的做法是在国家行政体制框架内设置行政机构类型的监管机构,最好采用隶属于国务院的监管机构模式,并通过法律机制保障其独立性;面对产业汇流的趋势,在经济性监管领域,应设立综合性的监管机构。

Although China has set up some agencies named ＂regulatory＂ or ＂supervisory＂, there is a great gap between these agencies and modern regulatory agencies. This article argues that China should establish regulatory agencies on ＂legislation first＂ principle. It is not suitable for China to adopt American independent regulatory commission mode or public corporation mode represented by UK. At present, it is reasonable and reliable to set up regulatory agencies within the governmental administrative framework, belonging to the State Council, and guarantee their independence through legal mechanism. In the economic regulatory area, corfiprehensive regulatory agencies should be established in order to challenge the trend of industrial convergence.