清朝善会善堂自治制度探悉

The Autonomy System of Charity Association and Charity Hall in Qing Dynasty

清朝兴起的民间慈善组织——善会善堂,有着完善的自治制度,包括经营管理方面的会员制、轮值制和董事制,资产筹集与运营制度和财务管理方面的征信制度等。善会善堂的自治制度与国家之间存在互动关系,一方面是国家的干预使善会善堂逐渐官僚化,失去了自治的空间;另一方面善会善堂的自治规约成为司法机关裁判的主要依据,而《征信录》所体现的公开原理也日益渗透到国家的行政制度中。

Charity associations and charity halls in Qing Dynasty had perfect autonomy system. It included administer system which developed from member management, rotation management to director management, and property running system and accounting system . The autonomy system of charity association and charity hall and government affected each other. On the one hand, governments intervening made the autonomy space narrowed, on the other hand, the autonomy agreement of the charity association and charity hall became the important basis of judicial decision and the public principle used by the charity association and charity hall infiltrated the running of governments.