焦炉作业工人淋巴细胞诱变剂的敏感性研究

Mutagen sensitivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes among coke-oven workers

目的 研究焦炉作业工人外周血淋巴细胞对诱变剂博来霉素（bleomycin，BLM）损伤的敏感性。方法 以94名焦炉作业工人（暴露组）和64名选矿工人（对照组）作为研究对象。收集班后尿，测定尿中1-羟基芘水平反映多环芳烃暴露内剂量。肘静脉血分离淋巴细胞，体外培养20h后，用8μg/ml BLM处理30min，彗星试验评价细胞DNA损伤水平。BLM处理前后DNA损伤的差即为个体对诱变剂的敏感性。结果 两组研究对象在年龄、性别、吸烟饮酒状况等方面差异均无统计学意义。焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平（9．0μg／L，95％CI：6．8～11．7）显著高于对照（1．5μg/L，95％CI：1．3～1．7）（t=-9．317，P〈0．01）。对照组诱变剂敏感性为14．9（95％CI：13．7～16．3），焦炉工为17．7（95％CI：16．3～19．3），差异有统计学意义（t=-2．583，P=0．01）。进一步按焦炉工尿1·羟基芘水平几何均数（9．0μg/L）分层，发现高1．羟基芘水平组焦炉工对BLM的敏感性显著高于低1-羟基芘水平组（F=4．001，P=0．05）。对照人群中吸烟者对BLM造成的损伤更为敏感。未发现年龄、饮酒、焦炉作业工龄、外暴露等级等因素对BLM敏感性有显著影响。结论 焦炉逸散物的暴露能够增加外周血淋巴细胞对BLM损伤的敏感程度，可能是焦炉作业工人中肿瘤高发的一个原因。

Objective To investigate the sensitivity to bleomycin （BLM） in peripheral blood lymphocytes （PBL） among coke-oven workers. Methods Ninty-four coke-oven workers with exposure to a high level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 64 non-coke-oven workers （ control ） were recruited into this study. PBL was challenged by 8 μg/ml BLM, a known carcinogen, to induce certain amount of DNA damage, the difference of olive tail moment （TM） measured by comet assay before and after BLM treatment reflected the sensitivity towards mutagens. Results The distribution of age, sex, and prevalence of smoking and drinking were not significantly different between these two groups. The geometric mean of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene （1-OHP） was significantly higher in coke-oven workers than in controls （9. 0 versus 1.5 μg/ L, t = -9. 317, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The coke-oven workers showed significantly higher sensitivity to BLM than controls （ 17. 7 versus 14.9, t = - 2. 583, P = 0. 01 ）. A large inter-group difference in sensitivity to BLM was observed in both controls and coke-oven workers. Stratification analysis revealed the significant association between high 1-OHP level （ 〉 9. 0 μg/L） and increased sensitivity to BLM （ F = 4. 001, P = 0. 05 ） among coke-oven workers. Smoking subjects showed a significant higher value of sensitivity than nonsmokers in controls but not in coke-oven workers. No significant difference was observed between age, drinking status, coking history or external exposure class and BLM sensitivity. Conclusion Exposure to coke oven emission could increase the sensitivity to mutagens, which might be a reason of high incidence of lung cancer among coke-oven workers.