棉花体细胞培养中染色体的变异

Chromosomal Variations during Culture of Somatic Cells of Cotton

以陆地棉体细胞培养获得的胚性愈伤、体细胞胚和再生植株的根尖为材料,用饱和对氯二苯预处理,固定、酸解、染色,进行染色体制片,观察分析棉花体细胞培养中染色体数目的变异。结果表明:继代培养14 d的胚性愈伤组织在饱和对二氯苯处理3.5 h后制成的染色体涂片具有很好的观察效果;染色体数目变异主要集中在偏向于52条染色体,随着体细胞胚的发生、成熟、植株再生,具有正常染色体数细胞的比例逐渐增加,推测具有非正常染色体的细胞在体细胞胚的发育及植株再生过程中丧失了植株的分化能力。

To observe the chromosomal variation during somatic cell culture of cotton, Chromosome smears were prepared using the embryogenic calli, somatic embryos and tips of regenerated plantlets of upland cotton as materials after pretreated with saturated paradichlorobenzene, and fixation, acidolysis and dyeing. Subculturing for 14d and pretreating with paradichlorobenzene for 3.5 h made the chromosomes in the embryogenic calli rod shaped, which were good for counting. Most of the cells had chromosomes from 41 to 52; however, the percentage of cells with normal 52 chromosomes was increased gradually with somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. It was speculated that cotton cells with abnormal chromosome numbers lost the abilities of differentiation during somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration.