紫花苜蓿的传粉昆虫种类及其访花行为

Pollinating insect species and their foraging behaviors on Medicago sativa

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)属典型的异花授粉植物,其种子生产主要依靠蜜蜂等传粉昆虫。本文对河西地区张掖实验站紫花苜蓿传粉昆虫种类及其访花行为进行了调查。结果表明:苜蓿访花昆虫共计22种,分别属于4个目,11个科,根据弹花效率初步确定鳞地蜂、黑颚条蜂、净切叶蜂、细切叶蜂和紫木蜂为河西地区主要传粉昆虫;主要传粉昆虫的日活动规律出现单峰型和双峰型2种,净切叶蜂、细切叶蜂和紫木蜂属于前者,只在11:30—15:30出现一个活动高峰,而鳞地蜂与黑颚条蜂则为双峰型,在9:30—11:30和16:30—18:30分别出现访花高峰,不同的传粉昆虫之间存在互补关系;主要传粉昆虫的弹花频率和小花停留时间存在显著差异,且访花行为与野生蜂体型紧密相关。

Medicago sativa is a kind of typical allogamic plants, and mainly depends on the pollinators such as bees for its seed production. In this paper, the pollinating insect species and their foraging behaviors on M. sativa at the Zhangye station of Hexi Corridor were investigated. There were 22 pollinating insect species belonging to 4 orders and 11 families, among which, native bee species Megachile abluta, M. spissula, Xylocopa valga, Andrena parvula and Anthophora melanognatha were the main pollinators. M. abluta, M. spissula and X. valga were of uni-peak type with diurnal foraging activities trom 11：30 to 15：30, while A. parvula and A. melanognatha were of double-peak type with diurnal foraging activities on 9 ： 30- 11 ： 30 and 16 ： 30- 18 ： 30, indicating a complementary relationship among the pollinators. The main pollinators had significant differences in their tripping frequency and landing time, and their foraging behaviors were correlated with their body sizes.