生物多样性与森林生态系统健康的几个关键问题

Biodiversity and forest ecosystem health:Some key questions

生物多样性和生态系统健康间的关系,是生态学领域的一个重大科学问题,近年来已成为关注的热点。首先,生物多样性在复杂的时空尺度上维持着生态系统过程的运行,是生态系统功能得以维持的生物基础;其次,生物多样性是生态系统抗干扰能力、恢复能力及适应环境变化能力的物质基础。生态系统健康的维持取决于系统的生物多样性、可再生能力和生产力,维护生物多样性是生态系统管理计划中不可缺少的部分;第三,对生态系统健康程度的评价,很大程度上依赖于对生态过程的认识,而生物多样性及其生态系统功能又是认识和了解生态过程的基础。本文通过对森林生态系统异质性、种间关系及关键种、外来物种入侵、"绿色沙漠"等问题的论述,阐述了生物多样性与森林生态系统健康之间的关系,提出了我国所面临的问题和相应的对策。

Ecosystem health in relation to biodiversity is a major subject in ecology, Firstly, it is biodiversity that makes ecological processes operating. Secondly, biodiversity is the material base of ecosystem for its ability in resisting disturbances and in adapting to environmental changes. The maintenance of ecosystem health relies on the biodiversity, productivity, and regeneration of the system. Thirdly, the assessment of ecosystem health depends on our knowledge in ecological processes, while the biodiversity and its function in ecosystem is the base of ecological processes. This paper summarized the relationships between biodiversity and forest ecosystem health in terms of the heterogeneity of forest ecosystem, inter-species relationships and key species, invasion of exogenous species, and ＂green desert＂, and discussed the related problems in China.