不同年代住院精神病患者自杀的相关因素及护理策略

A study on the related factors and nursing countermeasures of suicide accidents in psychotic inpatients among different years

目的:了解不同年代住院精神病患者自杀的相关因素,以探索有效的预防精神病患者自杀的护理策略。方法:回顾性调查1961年～2000年32例不同年代住院精神病患者的自杀原因,并采用Logistic回归分析患者自杀的危险因素。结果:各种精神疾病患者自杀率差异无显著性(P>0.05);自杀与精神病理症状有关;既往有自杀史、负性生活事件、家庭成员有自杀史、病情严重和社会支持不足,是住院精神病患者发生自杀的危险因素;治疗依从性好是患者自杀的保护因素;各年代自杀率呈下降的趋势(P<0.01)。结论:做好风险评估和实施预见性护理,控制病情,加强监护管理等综合护理措施,有利于预防住院精神病患者自杀行为。

Objective：To study the related factors of suicide accidents in psychotic inpatients among different years,so as to explore the nursing countermeasures for foreseeing and preventing suicide accidents.Methods：The data of 32 suicide in-patients during 1961 to 2000 were reviewed about suicide related factors.The related factors of suicide accidents were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results：The suicide rates of psychotic inpatients showed no significant difference among different psychosis（P〉0.05）.Suicide accidents were correlated with psychopathologic symptoms.The main risk factors of suicide were suicide past history,suicide family history,severer ill-condition,negative life events and insufficient social support.Better treatment adherence was protect factor of suicide accident.Suicide rates showed significantly decreasing tendency among different years（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：It＇s helpful for preventing suicide accident to perform multiple nursing countermeasures,including to completely evaluate risk factors of suicide and adopt foresight nursing,control ill-onset and enhance supervision.