2型糖尿病中的胰岛β细胞死亡

Beta-cell death in type 2 diabetes

糖尿病已成为全世界危害人类健康的主要疾病。2型糖尿病患病率逐年增加。目前公认2型糖尿病是源于外周胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞分泌功能减退甚至死亡或凋亡这两个病理过程。其中，胰岛p细胞功能障碍和胰岛β细胞死亡或凋亡对2型糖尿病的发生和发展起至关重要的作用。高糖、高脂和（或）脂肪细胞因子被认为是β细胞凋亡和功能紊乱的主要原因。活性氧簇（ROS）的产生是细胞发生凋亡的主要机制。

Diabetes is a life-long disease. Its chronic complication made it a serious public health threat. The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased tremendously in the past few years. Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction/death are two main features of type 2 diabetes. The latter is crucial in the development of the disease because diabetes cannot occur without an impairment of insulin secretion. Adverse or toxic influences on pancreatic beta-cell function are caused by excessive glucose and/or lipid, or by adipokines. The biochemical mechanisms of beta-cell dysfunction/death have been proposed to involve the production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）.