企业“一刀切”裁员政策的经济学分析

Economic Analysis on the Layoff Policy of "Cutting without Differentiation"in Enterprises

现阶段中国大多数企业的员工与企业讨价还价时处于劣势地位,企业员工无法实现自身效用最大化。困境企业实施的"一刀切"裁员政策尽管减少了企业对员工能力的鉴别成本,但是由于该政策会造成企业高能力员工的内退,不仅未能给企业带来内部人力资源利用的最优化,而且会给被内退的员工带来效用损失,这就从两个方面降低了社会福利。反之,若企业支付鉴别费用,则会减少高能力员工下岗的概率。这样,无论是给企业还是给员工都会带来效用的提升,从而提高社会福利。

Nowadays, most of employees in China are lack of the abilities to bargain with the companies that they serve, so it is impossible for them to maximize their utilities. Although the layoff policy named ＂cutting without differentiation＂ may reduce the cost of identification, it also can cut down the employees with great capabilities. Under this policy, not only can the company not realize its optimization of utilization of human resources, but also will the employees laid off decrease their utilities. Therefore, it decreases social welfare. On the contrary, if the company pays for the cost of identification, the possibility of the laid-off employees with high abilities can be reduced. Both the company and the employees will benefit from the increase of the utilities. Consequently, social welfare would be improved.