19年急性有机磷农药中毒发病与死亡趋势分析

ANALYSIS OF ONSET OF DISEASE AND DEATH TENDENCY OF ACUTE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE INTOXICATION IN 19 YEARS

[目的]探讨急性有机磷农药中毒发病与死亡的流行病学趋势。[方法]回顾性分析19年,795例的部分资料。[结果]农村,青壮年,女性,经口中毒,中毒剂量增大,晚上及下午(天),春末,夏,冬季(月)等是发病及死亡的主要窗口(P﹤0.01),中毒后接受正规医疗时间越晚死亡越多(P﹤0.01);1992年后发病率,1990年后病死率均呈下降趋势,与科普宣传和提高了诊治水平有关;农村住校学生,儿童,误服误食误用,田间农药作业,农药运输,驱蚊,不明原因的昏迷,肺炎,精神障碍,ARDS(成人呼吸窘迫综合征),病情反复等与发病或死亡有一定关系。[结论]了解及掌握急性有机磷农药中毒发病及死亡的流行病学趋势,对提高急性有机磷农药中毒防治水平有益。

[ Objective] To discuss the epidemiology of disease and death tendency of intoxication due to acute organophosphorus pesticide. [ Methods ] Used retrospective analysis to analyze 795 cases in 19 years. [ Results ] There was an raise in the number of youths sand females in rural areas who took toxic pesticide by mouth, with the toxic dose increasing; the major time periods of disease and death were evening, afternoon, the end of spring, summer and autumn （P 〈 0.01）. There was a correlation between time of the standard medical treatment and the fatality rate： those who accepted medical therapy later were more possible to die （P〈0.01）. The incidence rate since 1992 and the fatality since 1990 were decreased due to scientific lectures and imorovement of diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as resident students in rural areas, children, misuse, agri-cultural chemicals, the transportation of agricultural chemicals, unknown coma, pneumonia, psychonosema, ARDS, reoccur of disease etc had a relationship with the incidence and fatality rate. [Conclusion] Understanding the tendency of death on intoxication due to acute organophosphorus pesticide is instrumental in improving the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.