湖南省中学生家长子女教育心理控制源现况调查及影响因素分析

Status of Parenting Locus of Control in 5583 Parents of Middle School Students in Hunan and its Influential Factors

目的:了解湖南省中学生家长子女教育心理控制源的现状,探讨其影响因素。方法:采用自编的家庭一般情况调查表及子女教育心理控制源量表(PLOC)对湖南省5583个中学生家庭进行问卷调查,采用多元线性逐步回归进行影响因素分析。结果:PLOC总分及5个因子得分分别为126.8±11.2、24.5±3.9、29.5±4.5、17.2±3.2、27.9±4.7和28.2±4.5;地区类型、年级、学校类型和性别为PLOC总分及5个因子分的显著性影响因素(P<0.05)。大城市和小城市学生家长的PLOC总分及5个因子分低于中等城市和农村家长的得分(PLOC总分:125.5±11.3、124.6±11.2/129.5±10.5/126.8±11.0,P<0.05);初一年级学生家长的PLOC总分、因子1、因子2和因子5得分低于高二、高三年级学生家长的得分(总分:124.8±11.3/127.7±10.9、128.1±10.9,P<0.05);重点中学学生家长的PLOC总分、因子1、因子2和因子5得分均低于非重点中学学生家长的得分(总分:126.0±11.2/127.6±11.1,P<0.05);男生家长的PLOC总分、因子3及因子5得分均高于女生家长(总分:127.0±11.4/126.2±11.0,P<0.05);回归分析显示家庭经济状况,家庭成员有无酗酒、吸烟、赌博及吸毒等不良行为,家庭最近半年有无遭遇不幸,母亲受教育程度等4个变量进入PLOC总分回归方程中,标准化回归系数分别为-0.042、-0.039、-0.043和-0.047(P<0.05)。家庭经济状况、家庭成员有无酗酒、吸烟、赌博及吸毒等不良行为,家庭最近半年有无遭遇不幸和母亲受教育程度为5个因子的显著性影响因素。结论:湖南省中学生家长子女教育心理控制源偏向内控型。不同地区、年级、学校类型和学生性别之间的家长PLOC得分存在不同。性别、家庭经济状况、家庭成员有无酗酒、吸烟、赌博及吸毒等不良行为、家庭最近半年有无遭遇不幸和父、母亲受教育程度对中学生家长心理控制源构成影响。

Objective： To investigate the status of parenting locus of control for middle school students in Hunan and explore its impact factors. Methods： The 5583 middle school students and their parents were sampled randomly using stratified sampling. The self-developed questionnaire and the Parenting Locus of Control Scale （ PLOC ） were self-administered in them. Results： The average scores of PLOC and five factors were 126. 8 ± 11.2, 24. 5 ± 3.9, 29.5 ± 4. 3, 17.2 ± 3.2, 27.9 ± 4.7 and 28.2 ± 4. 5 respectively. T test, analysis of variance, and q test showed, region, grade, type of school, and gender were statistically significant factors of total PLOC and five factors （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Parents who lived big and small cities had lower scores of total PLOC and five factors than those who from middle cities and rural area （ total score ： 125. 5 ± 11.3, 124. 6 ± 11.2, /129.5 ± 10.5, 126. 8 ± 11.0, P 〈 0.05 ） ; Scores of total PLOC, factor 1, factor 2, and factor 5 among parents whose students were from the 7th grade were lower than those among parents whose students were from the 1 lth and 12th grades （ total score ： 124. 8 ± 11.3/127.7 ± 10. 9, 128. 1 ± 10. 9, P 〈 0.05 ） ; Parents whose children study first-class schools had lower scores of total PLOC, factor 1, factor 2 and factor 5 than those whose children study ordinary schools （ total score ： 126.0 ± 11.4/127.6 ± 11.7, P 〈 0. 05 ） ;Scores of total PLOC, factor 3 and factor 5 among parents with male student were higher than those among parents with female student （ 127.0 ± 11.4/126.2 ± 11.0, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Multiple linear regression showed family economic status, whether family members have abnormal behaviors for alcohol abuse, smoking, gambling, and drug abuse, whether family members met with adversities in the past half six months, and education level that mother received, were included in the equation for total PLOC score, respectively with the standardized regression coefficients of - 0. 042, - 0. 039, - 0. 043, and - 0. 047 （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The parenting locus of control in Hunan is close to internal control. Significant differences of PLOC scores existed in the parents by region, grades, type of schools. and student gender. Family economic status, gender, and whether family members met with adversities in the past half six months, education level that father received, and education level that mother received, were identified as influential factors of the PLOC of middle school students in Hunan.