木霉对苗木土传病原真菌的拮抗作用

ANTAGONISM OF TRICHODERMA AGAINST SOIL-BORNE FUNGOUS PATHOGENS

体外测定表明，木霉菌株Ｔ—１６９和Ｔ—２７９对病原菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｃｌａｎｉ（立枯丝核菌）、Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ（尖孢镰刀菌）、Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍａｐｈａｍｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ（腐霉）和Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓ（交链孢霉）在对峙培养中的拮抗系数分别为２、２～３和３。温室测定表明，用０．６％（Ｗ／Ｗ）Ｔ－１６９麸皮培养物（１０７ｃｆｕ／ｇ）处理土壤。在人工接种立枯丝核菌、尖孢镰刀菌、腐霉及交链孢霉２０ｄ后，落叶松苗木发病率分别比未用木霉处理的对照减少４９．６％、１７．４％、１８．３％和１１．７％；用Ｔ－１６９和Ｔ－２７９木霉孢子悬浮液（１０８ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ）处理落叶松种子，人工接种立枯丝核菌１９ｄ后，落叶松成苗率分别比未用木霉处理的对照增加１８．８％和１２．７％。

he antagonism of selected Trichoderma isolating Trichoderma sp T-169 and T-279 against some soilborne fungous pathogens has been tested both in vitro and greenhouse In vitro T-169 and T-279 inhibited the hyphae growth of Rhizoctonia soclani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphamidermatum, Alternaria tenuis on dual culture with inhibition index 2 or 2～3 and 3, respectively In greenhouse experiments, soil treatment with 06 per cent (W/W) T-169 bran culture (107 cfu/g) reduced incidence of the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia soclani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphamidermatum, Alternaria tenuis with 496, 174, 183, and 117 per cent, respectively, 20 days after inoculation with the pathogens. The seed treatment with T-169 or T-279 spore suspension (108 cfu/ml) increased emergence percentage of Larix olgensis seedling with 188 and 127 per cent respectively, 19 days after inoculation with Rhizoctonia Soclani