闽南—台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性研究

Biological characteristics of the Chinese squid(Loligo chinensis) in Minnan-Taiwan Shallow Fishing Ground

本文根据1995年和2006—2007年测定中国枪乌贼生物学资料，进一步对闽南-台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性作比较系统分析研究，结果表明：闽南-台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼产卵时间为4—9月，高峰期为5月和8月。春季产卵群体个体较大，大部分为180—200mm，7月份当年春生的幼体开始加入捕捞群体，7—9月群体个体大小参差不齐，既有秋季产卵群体又有索饵幼体，10—12月以索饵群体为主（胴长优势组100—120mm）。中国枪乌贼胴长（L）与体重（W）的关系：W=1．7246×10^3L2.2754R^2=（R^20．9845）。摄食强度以1级为主占41．7％，2级占23．89％，食性凶猛、营养级为2．62。生殖群不甚摄食，空胃率高。与历史资料同比，单拖作业生产汛期6—9月渔获群体平均胴长由上世纪70年代的211．7mm下降至90年代的150．3mm、光诱敷网作业生产汛期渔获群体从2000年的157．2mm下降到2006—2007年的144．8mm。目前雌性性成熟最小胴长103mm也比以往小，性早熟现象明显。为此，建议对中国枪乌贼的资源应加以合理利用和保护。

This paper surveys of the population dynamics and biological characteritcs of the Chinese squid （ Loligo chinensis） conducted in 1995 and during 2006 - 2007. Our data showed that the squid produce eggs from April to September, peakin in May and August. Egg producing females in the spring were relatively large, measuring 180 -200 ram. The offspring produced in the spring were large enough to be found in catches in July. Fish populations of mixed sizes were obtained from July to September, containing egg producing adults and young feeding juveniles. From October to December, the populations were mainly young juveniles with sizes of 100 ～ 120mm. The Chinese squid has a body length （L） and weight （W） relationship of W = 1. 7246 × 10^3L^2.2754R^2 = （ R^2 0. 9845 ）. The chinese squid was aggressive in feeding, with the majority of the population （41.7%） having grade 1 in feeding scale and 23. 89% of the chinese squid having grade 2. The egg producing adults, however, largely had empty stomach. The body length from otter trawl catches during June - September continued to become smaller, with measurements of 211.7 mm in the 1970s down to 150. 3 mm in the 1990s, and for light-set net catches, from 157.2mm in 2000 down to 144. 8 mm in 2006 -2007. The females appeared to produce eggs at younger age with smaller body length （ 103 mm）. So we suggeste that the chinese squid resource should be protected and ratiand usal and to guarantee a long lasting supply of the fish.