农业非点源污染防治技术的研究现状及进展

Research status and development of technologies for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution

随着点源污染的控制水平的提高,非点源污染的治理成为全球环境问题能否得到有效解决的关键,而农业非点源污染作为其中覆盖面最广、隐蔽性最强、治理难度最大的污染类别,自然受到更为广泛的关注。该文介绍了农业非点源污染及其特征,分析了农业非点源污染扩散的方式,总结了导致农业非点源污染的主要原因,以技术防治为切入点,对现阶段国内外农业非点源污染防治技术的研究进行了简要综述,提出了农业非点源污染防治技术研究中存在的问题,并结合存在的问题在化肥等农业生产投入品的新品研发、农业非点源污染情况的实时监控及预警系统的构建、以及可操作性强的决策支持系统的构建等方面对未来农业非点源污染的技术防治进行了展望。

Along with the increase of the level of controlling the industrial point source pollution, the non-point source pollution has gradually become the key to whether the environmental problem could be solved effectively. Meanwhile, as a kind of source pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution has been paid more attention to, which covers wider range, has greater uncertainty and is more difficult to control. This paper offered an introduction to agricultural non-point source pollution, analyzed the diffusion function of agricultural non-point source pollution and summarized the crucial reasons that caused the agricultural non-point source pollution. Besides, this paper also reviewed the research status and development of technologies for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution both at home and abroad. After analyzing the present research characteristics and the existing problems, this paper offered the concrete proposals and expectations on technological controlling, such as developing new kind of fertilizer, building up real time monitor and early warming system, building up decision support systems, and so on.