科技伦理：在风险观念的语境中

Scientific and Technological Ethics:In Context of Risk Ideas

作为科学技术的"双刃剑"说的放大和提升,风险观念语境下科技伦理观不仅从价值层面揭示了科学技术的社会后果的"异化",而且揭示出科学技术与社会发展的诸多现实矛盾。这些矛盾既反映出人与自然的矛盾,更映射出人与社会的矛盾。如何化解这些矛盾,既有赖于反思传统科技伦理观以及科学技术与社会发展的伦理关系,更有赖于建立新的科技伦理观。尽管风险观念呈现出以"批判性"见长的理论特征,但其"建设性"的维度同样是不容忽视的。具体地说,风险观念语境下的科技伦理观,试图把对现代社会的政治批判与后现代伦理诉求结合起来,倡导一种新型的面向未来的全球性发展责任伦理、"向社会开放"的科技伦理和科技责任伦理。这对于化解科技风险危机富于启发意义。但这种科技伦理观的后现代主义消极立场,决定了其内在的局限性。只有推动科学技术与社会的协调发展,才可能切实解决科技风险危机问题。

With the science and technology as a 'double-bladed sword', the view of scientific and technological ethics in the context of risk ideas not only reveals the 'dissimilation' of the social results of science and technology in the field of value, but also reveals the various real contradictions in the development of science and technology and the society. These contradictions reflect both the controversy between man and the nature and the controversy between man and the society. The solution to these contradictions relies on the rethinking of the traditional ethnical view of science and technology and the ethnic relation between science and technology and the social development, and more on the establishment of new scientific and technological ethics view. Though the risk idea is characteristic of 'criticism' in theory, its 'constructive' dimension should not be neglected. To be specific, the view of the scientific and technological ethics tries to combine the political critique towards the modern society with the appeal of the post-modern ethics, initiates a new responsibility ethics for future-oriented universal development, the scientific and technological ethics towards 'social opening-up' and responsibility ethics. This is of enlightening significance for the solution of scientific and technological risk crisis. However, this post-modernist negative standpoint of scientific and technological ethics determines its internal limitations. According to the author, only by the promotion of the harmonious development of the science and technology together with the social development can this risk crisis be solved.