草牧场防护林幼龄阶段对春季小气候的作用

Effects of Young Windbreaks of Pasture Lands on Microclimate of Spring

在泰康靠山种畜场的四种类型（林粮、林药、林草和林果）草牧场中设置观测点（包括旷野处的对照点）。用综合自动气象观测仪测定气温、水汽压、相对湿度、露点、风向和风速等气象因子。以此研究草牧场防护林幼龄阶段对改善草场春季小气候的作用。结果表明，在春季树液流动初期，幼龄阶段樟子松草牧场防护林防风效能达１０．６８％；林网内平均气温高于旷野０．４４℃，相对湿度高６．８９％，蒸发量低１０．３３％，土壤温度和地表极温变化都比较缓和。这种风速低、气温高、湿度大的小气候条件，为牧草生长提供了良好的生态环境。

To study the effects of young windbreaks on microckimate of spring on pasture lands of Taikang County, the air temperature, humidity, relative humidity, dew point, and the direction and speed of wind were measured by using Auto-multiple Climatic Factor Observation Meter in four types of windbreaks, wood-farm crops, wood-medicinal crops, wood-grass, and wood-fruit crops. and in the open field (check area), respectively. The results show that the efficiency of wind protection is 10.68%; the mean air temperature and the relative humidity are 0.44℃ and 6.89% higher, respectively, and the evaporation 10.33% lower in the wind breaks than those in the open field. the soil temperature and max.-and min.-temperatures on ground surface are gentle, which made a favarable environment for grass growth.