培养基及培养条件对银杏愈伤组织黄酮产量的影响

Effects of Medium and Culture Environment on Flavonoid Production of Ginkgo biloba Callus

在固体培养条件下，研究了不同外植体来源、培养基、抗褐变剂及培养时间等因子对银杏愈伤组织黄酮产量的影响。结果表明：①不同外植体来源的愈伤组织黄酮含量为叶片＞茎段＞子叶；②光照培养的愈伤组织黄酮含量显著高于暗培养愈伤组织黄酮含量；③愈伤组织培养４０～４５ｄ，黄酮含量接近最大值；④Ｗｈｉｔｅ培养基上的愈伤组织黄酮含量显著高于ＭＴ培养基，但黄酮生物产量却相反；⑤不同激素组合中，以ＢＡ与ＮＡＡ组合效果最好；⑥在ＰＡ（植酸）、ＰＶＰ（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）、ＰＭ（ＰＶＰ＋ＭＥＳ）、ＡＣ（活性炭）和维生素Ｃ等５种抗褐变剂中，以ＰＭ效果最好。黄酮生产最佳培养条件为：叶片愈伤组织在ＭＴ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋糖５％＋ＰＭ（ＰＶＰ２．０％＋ＭＥＳ０．０５％）培养基上光照培养４０～４５ｄ。

The effects of source of explants, medium, anti browning agents and culture days on content and biological yield of flavonoid in Ginkgo biloba callus were studied. The results showed that: (1) the flavonoid content of leaf drived callus was the highest; (2) the flavonoid content of the callus cultured in light was significantly higher than that of the callus cultured in dark; (3) the flavonoid conten of the callus was near the peak value when the callus was cultured for 40～45 days; (4) the callus cultured on White medium had significantly higher flavonoid content but lower flavonoid biological yield than that cultured on MT medium; (5) the combination of BA and NAA produced the best result among different hormone combinations; (6) the effect of PM (PVP+MES) was the best among five anti browning agents including also PA, PVP, AC and Vc. Therefore, in flavonoid production, the optimal culture medium was MT+BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 3.0mg/L+Sucrose 5%+PM (PVP 2.0%+MES 0.05%).