词类的构式语法视角

A Construction Grammar Perspective on Parts of Speech

构式语法的出现为看待许多传统问题提供了一个新的视角。在构式语法的框架下,词类范畴是从语言使用中涌现出来的图式性范畴,它们是形式与意义的结合体,语言表达式所属的词类范畴与其所在的语法构式不可分割。词类不是按照演绎规则建立的逻辑范畴,而是人们在自然语言使用过程中产生的范畴,因此,一个形式属于多个词类范畴是很自然的现象。在这一新的视角下,以往汉语词类研究中就存在严重的理想化倾向。

The rise of construction grammar offers new perspectives on marly old problems. Within the framework of construction grammar, lexical categories such as nouns and verbs are schemas that emerge from language use,and also constructions that pair form and meaning. Lexical categories of linguistic expressions are inseparable from the constructions in which they occur. And lexical categories are not logical categories established according to deductive rules, but categories extracted from the use of natural language. Therefore, multiple class membership is a natural phenomenon. Seen from this new perspective, previous studies of word classes in Chinese are seriously flawed.