从进化观点看应激对健康的影响

Effects of Stress on Health from the View of Evolution

从进化的观点解释了不同生物体应对应激的不同行为策略及其生理基础,和由此引起的对不同应激性疾病易感性的差异。行为策略和生理基础的差异使得一定环境条件下引发的应激反应对不同个体产生了不同的非稳态获益和代价(非稳态负荷)。非稳态的获益和代价影响了健康和疾病间的平衡:攻击性个体由于非稳态调质失调,更可能出现冲动控制障碍、高血压、自身免疫性疾病、慢性疲劳状态等;反之,非攻击性个体由于非稳调质过度释放,更易发生焦虑障碍、抑郁症、代谢综合症等。

From the view of evolution, this paper introduced that different organisms adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with stress and have different underlying physiological foundation inducing different vulnerability to stress-related diseases. The differences in behavioral strategies and physiological foundation induced the different benefits and costs （allostatic load） of allostasis in stress. The benefits and costs of allostasis lead to the balance of health and disease. Aggressive individual, due to inefficient management of mediators of allostasis, is prone to impulse control disorders, hypertension, autoimmune disease, chronic fatigue states, etc. In contrast, passive individual, due to the greater release of mediators of allostasis, is more susceptible to anxiety disorders, depression, metabolic syndromes, etc.