一种小麦蓝粒标记单体代换系4E(5A)的创制

Development of a blue-grained wheat 4E(5A) momosomic substitution line

【目的】利用长穗偃麦草4E染色体代换方法,快速创制具有蓝粒标记性状的小麦单体系统。【方法】以中国春5A单体和小麦-长穗偃麦草4E二体代换系为材料,分别以拟斯卑尔脱穗型和蓝粒性状作为小麦5A染色体和长穗偃麦草4E染色体的标记,通过杂交、回交并结合染色体鉴定等方法,培育一种具有蓝粒标记的小麦单体代换系4E(5A)。【结果】这种蓝粒标记的小麦单体代换系籽粒为浅蓝色,能够正常生长结实,其自交可分离出深蓝籽粒小麦4E(5A)二体代换系、浅蓝籽粒小麦4E(5A)单体代换系和白粒小麦5A缺体,3种类型所占比例分别为14.5%,75.6%和9.9%,其种子均能正常生长,植株均表现出拟斯卑尔脱穗型性状,且颖壳较硬,但白粒系植株的生活力明显低于前二者。【结论】长穗偃麦草4E染色体对小麦5A染色体的缺失,具有一定的补偿功能,对以染色体定向代换方式快速创制蓝粒标记小麦单体系统,具有一定的参考价值。

[Objective] The study was to establish a shortcut method of developing blue-grained wheat monosomic system. [Method] A blue-grained wheat 4E（SA） momosomic substitution line was developed from the hybrid of Chinese Spring monosomic 5A and Triticurn aestivum -Agropyro elongturn 4E（4D） substitution with markers selection of speltoid spike for chromosome 5A and blue-grained for chromosome 4E. [Result] This blue-grained wheat 4E（SA） momosomic substitution line grew normally. Three types of seeds were separated from the 4E（SA） momosomic substitution line selfing offspring. Deep blue-grained, accounting for 14.5% ,was 4E（SA） disomic substitution. Light blue-grained,accounting for 75.6% ,was 4E （SA） momosomic substitution. White grain,accounting for 9.9% ,was nullisomic 5A. All the three types of plants could grow to mature and express speltoid spike with stiff glumes, but the white grain plant was conspicuously weaker than others. [Conclusion] The result indicates that chromosome 4E from Agropyro elongturn can compensate the effect of chromosome 5A absence partly. This study offers a better way to develop blue-grained monosomic system in wheat.