油松半同胞家系苗期生长性状遗传分析

Genetic analysis on seedling growth characteristics of half-sib family of Pinus tabulaeformis

【目的】通过苗期测定,初步评选出油松优良家系。【方法】采集陕西陇县八渡林场、黄陵双龙林场和洛南古城林场3个油松种子园155个家系的自由授粉种子,采用完全随机区组设计进行容器育苗试验,测定各种子园油松种子的千粒重及1和2年生油松苗的苗高、地径,对测定指标进行相关分析,计算不同种子园油松家系的遗传参数,从中选出优良家系并估算其一般配合力。【结果】3个油松种子园的1和2年生苗高、地径中,除黄陵双龙种子园油松家系1年生苗地径未达显著差异外,其余均达显著差异;3个种子园油松苗的2龄苗高与1龄苗高均极显著相关,2龄地径与2龄苗高显著或极显著相关;各种子园油松家系的苗高遗传变异系数依次为陇县八渡（14.86%）、黄陵双龙（11.93%）和洛南古城（11.73%）,地径遗传变异系数依次为陇县八渡（12.49%）、洛南古城（11.95%）和黄陵双龙（10.12%）;苗高的家系遗传力和单株遗传力均为陇县八渡（0.481,0.855）〉黄陵双龙（0.270,0.753）〉洛南古城（0.118,0.562）,地径的均为陇县八渡（0.185,0.652）〉洛南古城（0.135,0.563）〉黄陵双龙（0.031,0.207）;苗高和地径的平均遗传增益分别为17.45%和14.16%,均以陇县八渡的最大;从3个种子园中共选出14个油松优良家系,其苗高和地径的一般配合力变幅分别为2.4～10和0.05～1.23。【结论】从陇县八渡、黄陵双龙和洛南古城3个油松种子园中分别初步选出3,3和8个油松优良家系。

[Objective] The superior families of Pinus tabulaeformis were screened by the determination at seedling stage. [Method] The open pollinated seeds of 155 P. tabulaeforrnis families from three seed orchards in Shaanxi province：Badu Forestry Centre in Long country, Shuanglong Forestry Centre in Huangling country,and Guchen Forestry Centre in Luonan country. Seedling cultivation was done in container nursery with complete random block design. The data of seed kernel weight, heights of one and twoyear-old seedlings,and diameters at butt end were determined respectively, and were analysed for genetic factors of different P. tabulaeformis families to screen for superior families. [Result] Except for the diameter at butt end of one-year-old seedlings in Shuanglong seed orchard,the heights of seedling and diameter at butt end were significantly different. The heights of one and two-year-old seedling were significantly correlated while the heights and diameters at butt end of two-year-old seedlings were significantly correlated. The genetic variation of seedling height among different P. tabulaeforrnis families were 14.86%, 11.93% and 11.73% respectively in Badu seed orchard,Shuanglong seed orchard and Guchen seed orchard respectively,while genetic variation of seedling diameter at butt end were 12.49%, 11.95%, 10.12% respectively in Badu seed orchard,Guchen seed orchard and Shuanglong seed orchard respectively. The family and Single tree heretability of seedling height and average of per plant were Badu seed orchard （0. 481,0. 855）〉 Shuanglong seed orchard （0. 270,0. 753） 〉Guchen seed orchard （0. 118,0. 562）, while family heretability of seedling diameter at butt end were Badu seed orchard （0. 185,0. 652）〉Guchen seed orchard （0. 135, 0. 563）〉Shuanglong seed orchard （0. 031,0. 207）. The average genetic gains of seedling heights and height and diameter at butt end were 17.45% and 14.16% respectively. Totally, 14 superior families of P. tabulaeformis were selected from three seed orchards with a general combinding ability of seedling heights and height and diameter at butt end at range of 2.4-- 10 and 0.05-- 1.23 respectively. [Conclusion] The superior P. tabulaeformis families were selected as three families in Badu seed orchard, three families in Shuanglong seed orchard and 8 families Guchen seed orchard.