棱镜制造误差造成的光路变化与调整

Ray path changes and adjustments for prisms with manufacturing errors

在实际棱镜的出射面之前引入分离面，就可以分离反射面误差与折射面误差各自产生的光路变化，从而使物理问题清楚、计算路线清晰、计算过程简单。文中给出选取分离面的一般原则，以及由分离面和棱镜出射面构成的光楔产生的光路变化计算，同时也给出能使其简化的坐标系和回归近似方法；并证明对实际的出射光轴光线作微分计算即可得出象倾斜计算公式。

Ray path changes caused respectively by reflecting or refracting surface error can be separated if a separating surface is introduced just in front of the exit face of a reflecting prism. This paper provides a common principle for choosing the separating surface. For simplifying the calculation of ray path changes caused by the optical wedge which is bound by the separating surface and the exit face of a prism, the paper provides a specific coordinate system and a regression approximative method. It is proved that the image lean formula will be obtained by differentiating the real exit optical axis ray.