二里头与游邀遗址出土的夏代人颅骨标本的龋病研究

Dental caries in ancient Chinese in Xia Dynasty

目的对中国夏代人颅骨标本及牙齿进行观察，为宏观认识龋病在人类进化过程中的发生、发展积累资料。方法用临床常用的检查方法观察56个从河南省二里头遗址和山西省游邀遗址出土的夏代人颅骨标本（男性38人，女性18人）及其恒牙894颗。分析龋病的发病情况。结果以牙数为单位计算，本组夏代人标本龋病患牙率为6．9％（62／894）；以个体为单位计算，本组夏代人标本龋病患病率为39％（22／56）。结论本组夏代人标本的患龋率比现代人低，患龋率随年龄增高而增加；性别差异不明显；龋病好发部位为牙颈部；好发牙位为第三磨牙和第二磨牙。

Objective To study the ancient teeth helped us to acquaint with the evolution of oral diseases. Methods Teeth and jaws excavated in Erlitou, Henan province and Youyao, Shanxi province were observed clinically with care. The total specimens included 56 individuals （38 males and 18 females, including 894 permanent teeth and 86 dental arches）. The dental caries were observed. The incidence of dental caries was calculated. Results The rate of dental caries was 6.9% in 894 observed teeth. The prevalence was 39% among individuals. Conclusions The rate of dental caries in ancient Chinese in Xia Dynasty was lower than that in modern people. There were more caries in elderly people while no sex difference was found in Chinese in Xia Dynasty, which was similar to the situation in modern society. Cervical caries was more common than occlusal caries. The second molars and the third molars were frequently involved, which was different from the phenomenon nowadays.