原甲藻染色体中核糖核蛋白和银染蛋白的研究

STUDIES ON RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN AND ARGYROPHLIC PROTEINS IN THE CHROMOSOMES OF PROROCENTRUM SP.

关于染色体的研究到目前为止已经过去了一个多世纪,就染色体的高级结构已提出了许多不同的模型,尽管目前尚未达成统一认识,但染色体骨架的研究已引起人们的普遍关注,许多学者都认为在染色体中存在一个由非组蛋白或核糖核蛋白(RNP)组成的骨架结构,进一步研究染色体骨架的组成、结构特点对于认识染色体的高级结构无疑是十分必要的。蔡树涛等在甲藻染色体中观察到骨架结构并证明其主要成分是酸性蛋白,他们认为这些成分在甲藻染色体高级结构的组建和维持上可能起支架作用。本文用RNP优先染色和银染的方法对甲藻染色体中的RNP和银染蛋白进行初步研究,这对于进一步研究甲藻染色体的结构和组成以及真核生物染色体的高级结构具有一定的理论意义。

The chromosomal ultrastructure and the chromosomal substances of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and argyrophilic proteins of Prorocentrum sp. were studied using the techniques of conventional staining, RNP preferential staining and Ag-staining. Most part of the RNP in the chromosomes of Prorocentrum sp. was in the form of fibril distributed around the DNP throughout the chromosome. The RNP in the periphery of the chromosomes was found to form a closed membrane-like structure. Many kinds of the argyrophilic proteins were distributed regularly in the chromosome of Prorocentrum sp., but varied greatly in quantity from cell to cell. The amount of argyrophilic proteins in the chromosomes of some cells was much more than that in the nucleoplasm, but in other cells the amount of argyrophilic proteins was less than that in the nucleoplasm. The results indicated that in addition to argyrophilic proteins, RNA might play a role in the maintenance of the chromosome structure at a high level.