气态甲醛对卡氏毛园蛛细胞遗传毒性的研究

Genotoxicity of Gaseous Formaldehyde on the Spider Eriovixia cavaleriei

为了研究气态甲醛对蜘蛛的遗传毒性,采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验及KCl-SDS沉淀法检测了卡氏毛园蛛(Eriovixia cavaleriei)暴露于气态甲醛(0、0.5、1.0、3.0mg·m-3)后的细胞DNA分子断裂、DNA-DNA交联、DNA-蛋白质交联状况,并以甲醛的水溶性实验为基础,总结了甲醛对不同动物细胞的遗传毒性.结果显示,中、低浓度甲醛(0.5、1.0mg·m-3)可引起卡氏毛园蛛细胞DNA链断裂,高浓度甲醛(3.0mg·m-3)除引起DNA链断裂外,还可诱导核内交联物的形成;随着甲醛染毒浓度的升高,DNA的损伤程度逐渐加重,显示出一定的剂量-效应关系.通过总结甲醛对不同动物的遗传毒性发现,随着甲醛浓度的升高(5～625μmol·L-1,生理盐水溶液),动物细胞DNA损伤基本表现为由DNA链断裂(DSB)→DNA-DNA交联(DDC)→DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)的过渡;甲醛所致的DNA损伤在不同动物细胞中也存在差异,反映了不同动物细胞对甲醛的敏感性不同。

To study the genotoxicity of gaseous formaldehyde （FA）on spiders, single cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE）and KCl-SDS assay were applied to detect DNA strand breaks （DSB）, DNA-DNA crosslinks （DDC）and DNA-protein crosslinks （DPC） after Eriovixia cavaleriei were exposed to gaseous FA （0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0mg·m^-3） for lh. In addition, the genotoxicities of FA on different animal cells were compared based on the associated studies. Results showed that low-and medium-concentration FA （0.5,1.0mg·m^-3） could induce DSB in spider cells, and high-concentration FA （3.0mg·m^-3）could induce DPC besides DSB. With the increase of FA concentrations, the DNA damage increased gradually, indicating a does-effect relationship. Through comparison of the genotoxicities of FA on different animals, it was found that with the increase of FA concentrations（5-625μmol·L^-1, normal saline solution ）,DNA damages in animal cells were showed basically as DSB→DDC→DPC; meanwhile DNA damages induced by FA were different in different animal cells, which indicated the different sensitivity of different animal cells towards FA.