臭氧对农业生态系统影响的综合评估：以长江三角洲为例

Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Crop Ecosystem:A Case Study in Yangtze Delta,China

如何评价和预测近地层臭氧(O3)浓度持续升高对作物的影响是污染生态学研究的热点之一.依据改进的开顶式气室(Open-top chamber,OTC)实验资料,建立了我国长江三角洲地区O3与3种典型农作物(水稻、冬小麦和油菜)的剂量-响应(Dose-response)函数,并对该地区2003年作物产量损失进行了综合估算.研究结果表明:1)水稻、冬小麦和油菜3种作物的O3临界水平值分别为7.434、2.280和7.328ppm·h,冬小麦最为敏感;2)O3污染已造成该地区较为严重的产量损失,2003年水稻、冬小麦和油菜分别减产3.04%、17.08%和5.92%,经济损失达到5.76、7.68和2.61亿元.长江三角洲地区高浓度O3污染必须引起足够的重视。

Tropospheric ozone （O3） is the prominent gas pollutant which significantly adversely affect crop ecosystem. Assessing and predicting the impacts of ozone concentration on crop production have been drawing great attention in the scientific community. Based on previous field research in field-grown open-top chambers in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, this paper presented a model for crop （rice, wheat, rape ） damage calculation by developing a dose-response function between O3 dose and crop yield, and assessed the impact of ambient ozone on crop ecosystem in 2003, in Yangtze Delta. Results showed that, 1） The critical levels of O3 for three kinds of crop （rice, wheat, rape）were 7.434,2.280 and 7.328ppm@h, respectively, and the most sensitive crop to ozone was wheat. 2） High concentration of ozone had seriously reduced the yield, and induced 3.04%, 17.08% and 5.92% loss of yield, respectively, and the economic cost was about 576,768 and 261 million RMB for each crop. Therefore, effective management strategies for O3 in Yangtze Delta should be enhanced.