252例住院儿童麻疹临床流行病学特征分析

Clinical Epidemiological Characteristics Analysis of 252 Children with Measles

目的:探讨2年来儿童麻疹的流行、临床及实验室检查的特点,以期更好的预防和治疗麻疹。方法:对汕头潮南民生医院自2006年2月至2008年1月收治的252例麻疹的流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:252例住院儿童麻疹中,男162例,女90例,男孩显著多于女孩,年龄3月-14岁,以幼儿及学龄前儿童发病率较高,1岁以内主要集中在5-9月龄;以农村人口及流动人口为主,占79.37%;有免疫接种史者仅34例,占15.08%,无免疫接种史者206例,占81.75%;有明确麻疹接触史者212例,占84.13%,反复到医院就诊而先后被确诊为麻疹者76例,占30.16%;临床以典型麻疹为主,并发症以麻疹肺炎最常见。结论:切实搞好计划免疫,消除免疫空白,保证免疫接种有效率,及时进行复种,在流行前期强化应急接种,加强隔离管理,是控制麻疹暴发流行、消除麻疹的有效措施。

Objective： To study the epidemiology , clinical and laboratory features of children with measles in recent 2 years,then to search methods of the prevention and for the disease . Method： Clinical data was collected and retrospectively analyzed in 252 cases with child measles admitted to Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital from February 2006 to January 2008 . Result： Among these 252 cases , there are 162 boys and 90 girls, boys are obviously more than girls, and their age are between 3 months and 14 years old, which indicates that infant and children have a high incidence of measles disease, the majority are 5 to 9 months old under 1-year- old;They are mostly rural population or floating population, accounting for 79. 37% ; There are only 34 children who have been inoculated against measles, accounting for15.08% ; and 206 children who have no inoculation history, accounting for 81.75% ; There are 212 children who have contacted with some measles patients, account for 84.13%, and there are 76 patients who have see a doctor in hospital time after time and have been diagnosed as a measles sufferer, accounting for 30.16% ; Most inpatients presented typical clinical manifestations of measles , and complications are mostly rubeola pneumoni-a. Conclusion： The effective measure to control its prevalence and avoid the measles should be： to perform a perfect plan for immunity, avoiding the vacancy of inoculation ; and to ensure that immunity inoculation are carried out effectively, as well as redo it in time, including emergency inoculation at prophase of prevalence ; and to strengthen the control on isolation.