四种松毛虫不同地理种群遗传多样性的等位酶分析

Genetic diversity of geographical populations of four Dendrolimus species (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae) in China based on allozyme analysis

【目的】采用等位酶电泳技术对中国松毛虫属Dendrolimus4种共9个地理种群进行遗传多样性和遗传分化研究。【方法】对6种等位酶系统乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。【结果】在4种松毛虫9个地理居群中共检测到10个基因位点,其中4个位点为多态位点,检测到17个等位基因;种群总体水平多态位点比率P=40%,平均有效基因数A=1.700,平均期望杂合度He=0.151,种群平均遗传距离为0.001～0.285;其中马尾松毛虫指名亚种Dendrolimu punctatus Walker6个居群的遗传分化度Fst=0.265,基因流Nm=0.692。4种松毛虫之间遗传关系最近的是落叶松毛虫D.superans Butler和马尾松毛虫的地理亚种赤松毛虫D.punctatus spectabilis Butler,遗传关系最远的是落叶松毛虫D.superans Butler和云南松毛虫D.houi Lajonquiere。【结论】马尾松毛虫居群间遗传分化程度较大,基因交流较少,遗传漂变已经成为导致该物种种群分化的主要原因之一;遗传距离与地理距离存在一定相关性。

[ Aim] Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to find out the genetic diversity among and within nine geographic populations of four Dendrolimus species in China： Dendrolimus punctatus punctatus Walker, D. punctatus spectabilis Butler, D. superans Butler, D. haul Lajonquiere and D. kikuchii Matsumura. [Methods] Six allozymes, including lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, malic enzyme （ ME ）, alcohol dehydrogenase （ ADH ）, formic acid dehydrogenase （ FDH ） and glutamate dehydrogenase （GDH）, were analyzed. [ Results] Ten loci and seventeen alleles were recorded with four loci polymorphic, P = 40.0 %. The average number of alleles per locus A was 1. 700, the expected heterozygosity He O. 151, and the mean genetic distance 0.001 - 0.285. Among six populations of D. punctatus Walker, the coefficient of gene differentiation Fst was 0. 265, and the number of migrants per generation Nm 0. 692. Genetic relationships among populations and found that D. punctatus spectabilis Butler superans Butler and D. haui Lajonquiere heredity parameters, gene flow was low and differentiation among six geographi with geographical distances among species were assessed by standard genetic distance, and it was and D. superans Butler had a closer relationship, while D. had the farthest relationship. [Conclusions ] According to the genetic drift was one of primary factors that led to the genetic c populations of D. punctatus Walker. Genetic distances were correlated populations.