水分散型导电聚苯胺的制备及其性能研究

Synthesis and Properties of Water-dispersed Conductive Polyaniline

在非极性有机溶剂-功能质子酸-水三相体系中,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸和盐酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,采用乳液聚合法制备水分散型导电聚苯胺(PANI),研究了掺杂剂配比、氧化剂量、搅拌时间、反应温度对聚苯胺的电导率和溶解度的影响。综合考虑电导率和溶解度两者性能,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度15℃,搅拌时间6 h,n(苯胺)∶n(HCl):n(DBSA):n(APS)=0.0500∶0.0900∶0.0123∶0.0500,此时产物的电导率为2.964 S/cm,溶解度为23.99%。此时的产物在水中有良好的分散性能,能够与水性高分子树脂进行共混加工。红外光谱表明,掺杂态聚苯胺的特征吸收峰都向低频方向移动,苯醌结构的吸收峰发生了较大的变化,这说明聚苯胺的掺杂部位发生在苯醌结构上;紫外光谱表明,代表苯醌上电子跃迁的峰发生了明显的移动。

The water-dispersed conductive polyaniline was synthesized by emulsion polymerization, which was carried out in the three-phase system of non-polar solvent, surfactant and wachloric acid as co-doping agent, ammonium persulfate as initiator. The impacts of co-doping agent, ammonium persulfate, stirring time and reaction temperature on the conductivity and solubility of polyaniline were studied in detail. The results indicated that the properties of polyaniline were differing under different reaction condition. Considered the conductivity and solubility of polyaniline, the optimal reaction conditions were as following： reaction temperature 15℃, stirring time 6 h, n（aniline） ： n（HCl） ： n（DBSA） ： n（APS） =0. 0500 ： 0. 0900 ： 0. 0123 ： 0. 0500, the conductivity and solubility of product were 2. 964 S/cm and 23.99%, respectively. The conductive polyaniline could be processed with water-soluble resin due to its properties, the use field of polyaniline, hence, could be extended. Compared with polyaniline-base, the characteristic absorption bands of doping polyaniline shifted to low frequency direction in the infrared spectrum. The absorption band of the quinoid had large change due to the doped position is at the quinoid of polyaniline. The characteristic absorption bands of quinoid in the doped polyaniline has obvious shift in the UV spectrum.